永兴县冰糖橙果园土壤肥力特征及其综合评价

为探究永兴县冰糖橙果园土壤肥力特征及其综合性状，为果园土壤改良和合理施肥提供依据。在永兴县冰糖橙主产区采集了284处具有代表性果园表层土壤(0-40cm)，测定了土壤有机质、pH值、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾等养分指标，运用模糊综合评判法，对永兴县冰糖橙果园及其北、中和南3个区域土壤肥力质量进行了综合评价，并比较3个区域的土壤肥力差异特征。结果表明：永兴县冰糖橙果园土壤肥力为中等水平，土壤为酸性，平均仅5.47；有机质含量较丰富，为较高等水平，平均为25g/kg；土壤全氮含量为较高等水平，平均为1.86g/kg，碱解氮含量为中等水平，平均109mg/kg；有效磷平均含量25.2mg/kg，为中等水平；缓效钾含量偏低，为较低等水平，平均132mg/kg；速效钾含量处于较高等水平，平均153mg/kg。果园的3个区域土壤综合肥力属于中等偏下水平，受地形地貌、成土母质、果园管理及其他因素影响，中部区果园综合肥力高于北部和南部果园。     

八种除草剂对多异瓢虫不同虫态的安全性评价

在新疆棉区，早春季节田埂杂草上滋养的天敌昆虫，是棉田内天敌的主要来源，也是棉田外天敌保育的重点。生产上，常喷施除草剂来防除田埂上的恶性杂草，从而除草剂可能会对非靶标天敌昆虫产生直接的不利影响。本文评价了新疆农田中常用的8种除草剂对多异瓢虫不同虫态存活的影响，发现8种除草剂喷施对多异瓢虫卵孵化率、蛹羽化率、成虫存活率均没有显著影响，精喹禾灵、苯磺隆、精噁唑禾草灵处理后3龄幼虫的存活率显著低于对照，而高效氟吡甲禾灵、精吡氟禾草灵、烯草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸、乙氧氟草醚处理组的幼虫存活率与对照没有显著差异。利用高效氟吡甲禾灵、乙氧氟草醚药液处理多异瓢虫卵后，对卵、幼虫、蛹历期以及各虫态存活率、蛹重等均无明显影响，仅高效氟吡甲禾灵处理组幼虫化蛹率显著降低。利用高效氟吡甲禾灵、乙氧氟草醚处理3龄幼虫后，对其生长发育没有显著影响。本研究证实，新疆农田常用的8种除草剂对多异瓢虫比较安全，没有明显的毒杀作用与负面效应。     

武夷茶品牌评价指标体系构建探析

【目的/意义】在当今武夷岩茶市场竞争纷繁复杂,甚至乱象频出的情况下,品牌评价已经成为治理武夷岩茶价格乱象和促使企业良性竞争与规范发展的一个重要手段。文章通过探讨建立科学、有效的武夷茶品牌评价指标体系为岩茶市场的治理和岩茶品牌的塑造提供帮助。【方法/过程】文章通过借鉴品牌资产五星概念模型的5个维度,分析武夷岩茶产业特有的市场经济情况,并在此基础上选取了兼顾利益相关者、市场以及中间层面的品牌评价指标作为研究内容构建武夷茶品牌评价指标体系。【结果/结论】从茶品牌显著度、茶品牌功效、茶品牌联想度、茶品牌忠诚度、茶品牌企业企业社会贡献度5个方面提出武夷茶品牌评价指标体系,并构建指标体系层次结构图。通过反映武夷岩茶品牌价值评价的构成因子,为评价武夷岩茶的品牌价值并为武夷岩茶品牌今后的发展战略提供全新的视野。     

基于主成分与灰色关联分析的饲草小黑麦品种筛选与配套技术研究

为了筛选在山西省雁门关地区最适宜种植的小黑麦品种以及配套的高产优质栽培技术,利用主成分分析法和灰色关联度分析法综合评价不同小黑麦品种在不同密度和肥料条件下的产量和饲草品质。结果表明,小黑麦饲草品质指标中糖类和蛋白类指标变异较大,但是总的可消化养分以及能量品质变化较小。相关性分析表明,相对饲料价值（RFV）与粗蛋白含量、瘤胃降解蛋白含量、醇溶糖含量、总可消化养分、产奶净能、维持净能、增重净能和相对饲料质量（RFQ）均呈极显著正相关。RFV主要通过酸性和中性洗涤纤维计算而来,在单一指标中最能反映饲草品质。综合考虑灰色关联度和主成分分析方法,晋饲草1号（播种量150kg/hm²,复合肥750kg/hm²、尿素150kg/hm²）最适宜雁门关地区推广种植。     

脂肪含量对再制片状干酪品质的影响

研究不同脂肪含量和脂肪替代物对再制片状干酪品质的影响。对5 种不同脂肪含量再制片状干酪的基本理化指标、色泽、质构和感官品质进行测定和评估。结果表明：5 种不同脂肪含量的再制片状干酪pH值、蛋白质和脂肪含量存在显著性差异，酶解浓缩黄油的添加对再制片状干酪亮度值、红度值和黄度值均有明显影响；用酶解浓缩黄油替代全部黄油的减脂50%干酪全质构特性与其他组样品有差异，酶解浓缩黄油部分替代黄油制备的4号减脂干酪全质构特性除凝聚性、回复性外，与1～3号干酪无显著差异；通过感官评定发现，酶解浓缩黄油替代全部黄油的减脂50%干酪（5号）感官评分最低，酶解浓缩黄油部分替代黄油的减脂50%干酪（4号）风味和滋味有所增强，总体得分与全脂干酪产品无显著差异。因此通过降低黄油含量，并添加酶解浓缩黄油可提升减脂再制片状干酪的品质。     

咸干蓝点马鲛品质特征与优势菌群分析

为了更好地了解传统咸干蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)(鲅鱼)的品质特征，以市售产品中感官品质较为突出的咸干鲅鱼作为研究对象，对其水分、含盐量、NaNO2含量、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)等理化指标进行了测定，并进一步对咸干鲅鱼中的优势菌进行了分离、纯化与鉴定。结果显示，咸干鲅鱼样品含水量为54.40%、含盐量为3.1%，属于半干低盐制品；NaNO2含量为5.07 mg/kg，符合相关食品安全标准的规定；TVB-N含量高达40.12 mg/100 g，说明发酵过程蛋白质降解程度较大；TBARS值为10.00 mg/kg，脂质氧化程度在感官可接受的范围内。咸干鲅鱼中的微生物以细菌为主，清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei)、产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes)、长赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus macrolides)和香坊肠杆菌(Enterobacter xiangfangensis)为优势菌。其中，清酒乳杆菌具有发酵菌的典型特征，可能在咸干鲅鱼发酵过程中起主要作用。     

Effect of plant density in coupled aquaponics on the welfare status of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus

We investigated the effects of plant density on the welfare of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in coupled aquaponics over 85 days. The moderate density (mpd) of basil, Ocimum basilicum, was compared with the high density (hpd) and control (n = 0). The behavior was analyzed by visual and video observations, and after the application of induced stressors, skin injuries, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma cortisol responses were considered. The hpd fish showed the least activity (control: visual 77.8%, video 81.6%; mpd: 74.6%, 82.6%; hpd: 63.2% [p < 0.05], 78.8%). High agonistic behavior (control: 5, 131; mpd: 4, 57; hpd: 1, 45) and the highest number of injuries (control: 3.9; mpd: 2.9; hpd: 3.4) were observed in the control. Glucose and lactate levels did not differ significantly (control: 5.5, 2.6 mmol/L; mpd: 5.6, 2.7 mmol/L; hpd: 5.3, 2.6 mmol/L); however, cortisol levels did (control: 18.8 ng/mL, mpd: 19.9 ng/mL, hpd: 25.8 ng/mL). pH adjustment led to additional stress, resulting in temporal cortisol alterations. While in the control and mpd, low cortisol levels were followed by acute responses and downregulation, the hpd fish showed prior elevation and lagged an acute response. However, comparing injuries and behavioral patterns with control, aquaponics with high basil density influenced African catfish positively.     

Evaluation of Brix Refractometry for the Estimation of Colostrum Quality in Jennies

Donkey placenta does not allow the passage of immunoglobulins; thus, foals are born hypogammaglobulinemic and an adequate intake of high-quality colostrum in the first 24 hours of life is crucial for the surviving. The study aims to assess the relation between colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration evaluated by the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) test and the Brix refractometer in donkeys to establish a cutoff value for high quality of colostrum based on Brix refractometry. Colostrum was collected at foaling, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after foaling from the left and the right half of nine Amiata jennies. A total of 72 colostrum samples were analyzed. A Friedman test with a Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons was used for assessing the differences between the left and right half at each sampling time. No differences were found between the left and right halves; the average value was used to analyze the effect of sampling time on the IgG concentrations and Brix values. The relationship between colostrum IgG concentrations (SRID test) versus Brix value and Brix value versus time was analyzed using two different mixed linear models. A strong statistically significant relation has been found between IgG concentrations and Brix values (R² = 0.84). The relation between IgG concentrations and Brix refractometer showed a cutoff point of 17% Brix score for the identification of high-quality colostrum. The Brix value (%) decreased continuously from 16.29 by 0.29 × hour. Jennies’ and donkey foals’ management may be greatly improved using this simple and cheap device.     

新疆冬小麦品种萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质的筛选

【目的】研究不同类型盐胁迫对新疆冬小麦萌发期的影响,并进行耐盐性综合评价,为新疆小麦萌发期耐盐品种的评价和指标筛选提供理论依据。【方法】测定76份新疆冬小麦品种(系)在NaCl和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄两种不同盐胁迫条件下小麦根数、最长根长、苗高、胚芽鞘长度、发芽势、发芽率等6个性状,利用隶属函数法并通过聚类分析分别对两种盐胁迫条件下冬小麦品种(系)的耐盐性进行筛选,综合评价和筛选新疆冬小麦耐盐性。【结果】与对照处理相比,NaCl和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄两种盐胁迫对新疆冬小麦品种(系)各性状均有明显的抑制作用,其中NaCl单盐胁迫对各性状抑制作用比NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫抑制程度更大。通过NaCl单盐胁迫条件下聚类分析,新疆冬小麦品种(系)按耐盐性强弱可分为高耐型(6个/占供试材料的7.89%)、耐盐型(15个/19.74%)、中耐型(16个/21.05%)、敏感性(18个/23.68%)和高敏感型(21个/27.63%)等5类。NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫条件下聚类分析,新疆冬小麦品种(系)按耐盐性强弱也可分为高耐型(13个/占供试材料的17.11%)、耐盐型(10个/13.16%)、中耐型(16个/21.05%)、敏感性(26个/34.21%)和高敏感型(11个/14.47%)等5类。获得高耐NaCL单盐胁迫的品种(系)6份,占供试品种的7.89%;高耐NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫的品种(系)13份,占供试品种的17.11%。【结论】两种盐胁迫条件下,350 mol/L浓度对小麦种子的萌发有抑制作用,NaCl单盐胁迫和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫均为高耐型的品种3份,均是自育品种和引进品种分别为石冬8号、洛夫林10号和新冬7号。     

Consumers’ acceptance of optimized gluten-free sorghum-based cakes and their drivers of liking and disliking

Sensory analysis is indispensable in order to promote the project of developing sorghum-based products and, therefore, work on sensory profiles of these products and consumer acceptance is needed to help them succeed. Thus, this study investigated the acceptance of 5 optimized gluten-free sorghum-based and a Reference (with gluten) cakes (prepared from cake premixes), considering their drivers of liking and disliking and their purchase intention. Chocolate and orange flavored gluten-free cakes were prepared based on the numerical optimizations of the formulations (technological, nutritional, functional, technological and nutritional, and technological and functional optimizations). Three sensory evaluation techniques were applied to cakes: acceptance testing, purchase intention and Check-all-that-apply. There was an improvement in the sensory properties of the gluten-free samples in which the nutritional or functional characteristics were optimized together with the technological characteristics, resulting in higher acceptances. It was confirmed that sensory studies are indispensable to confront the challenge of developing sorghum-based foods with sensory characteristics desired by consumers. Therefore, it is concluded that it was possible to offer a gluten-free cake premix that presents good sensory quality, having the potential to be offered as a novelty by the food industry, given that most consumers stated that they did not know sorghum.